CALL: Simple Past Tense

 

Simple Past Tense

 

A.  Pengertian Simple Past Tense

Simple Past tense adalah suatu bentuk tense yang menggambarkan suatu kejadian yang terjadi pada satu spesifik waktu di masa lampau. Kata kerja yang digunakan pada tense ini harus berupa kata kerja kedua (verb 2).

 

B.  Rumus Simple Past Tense

Tense ini terdiri dari gabungan aspek simple (pada satu spesifik waktu) dan bingkai waktu past (masa lampau).

Bentuk	Rumus Simple Past Tense	Contoh Kalimat
(+)	·  Subject + verb 2 + object   ·  Subject + to be (was/were) + adjective/adverb	·  We attended the festival last week. ·  He was absent yesterday.
(-)	·  Subject + did not + infinitive verb + object   ·  Subject + was/were + not + adjective/adverb	·  We did not attend the festival last week. ·  He was not absent yesterday.
(?)	· Did + subject + infinitive verb + object?   · Was/were + subject + adjective/adverb?	·  Did they attend the festival last week? ·  Was he absent yesterday?

 

Pada dasarnya, simple past tense memiliki struktur yang sama dengan simple present tense. Hal yang membedakan keduanya adalah waktu dan kata kerja yang digunakan. Bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan pada simple past tense harus berupa bentuk kata kerja kedua atau kata kerja masa lampau, yang terdiri dari dua jenis sebagai berikut:

Regular verbs Ditambahkan imbuhan d/ed pada akhir kata kerja dasar	Contoh: ·      Ask menjadi asked                          ·      Look menjadi looked ·      Decide menjadi decided                ·      Love menjadi loved ·      Destroy menjadi destroyed          ·      Select menjadi selected ·      Endure menjadi endured               ·      Study menjadi studied ·      Happen menjadi happened         ·      Surrender menjadi surrendered
Irregular verbs Arti irregular di sini adalah kata kerja tidak mengikuti formula baku d/ed dan mempunyai bentuk kedua sendiri.	Contoh: ·      Be menjadi was/were                     ·      Build menjadi built ·      Begin menjadi began                     ·      Choose menjadi chose ·      Break menjadi broke                       ·      Do menjadi did ·      Bring menjadi brought                   ·      Make menjadi made ·      Buy menjadi bought                        ·      Teach menjadi taught

 

Keterangan Waktu

Pada kalimat simple past tense, biasanya disebutkan juga keterangan waktu kapan suatu kejadian terjadi, sebagai berikut

 

No	Keterangan Waktu	Contoh Kalimat
1.	Suatu tahun atau bulan yang sudah berlalu	·  In 1945, Indonesia successfully got its independence from Japan. ·  On February 2015, my parents moved to the Singapore.
2.	Frasa waktu yang didahului last, seperti: last week, last month, last year, last holiday	·  I graduated last week. ·  Last night, I had a date with my girlfriend. ·  Last holiday, I went to Bangkok.
3.	Frasa waktu yang diikuti oleh ago, seperti: three months ago, a few days ago, one year ago	·  My passport expired one year ago. ·  The legendary singer Prince died a few days ago.
4.	Keterangan waktu lainnya yang menyatakan waktu lampau, seperti: yesterday, the day before yesterday, this morning	·  He did not come to the office yesterday. ·  I had my breakfast this morning. ·  I broke up with my girlfriend the day before yesterday.

 

 

C.  Penggunaan Simple Past Tense

No	Penggunaan	Contoh Kalimat Simple Present Tense
1	Untuk menjelaskan suatu kejadian yang terjadi pada suatu waktu pasti di masa lampau	·   I met my husband in 2014. ·   We visited Sydney for our honeymoon. ·   The plane did not take off that day.   Semua perisitiwa tersebut terjadi pada suatu waktu pasti di masa lampau.
2	Untuk menjelaskan kejadian yang berlangsung dalam suatu periode di masa lampau	·  Rosa attended Oxford University for four years as an undergraduate. ·   Roy lived abroad for five years. ·   He played a lot of piano when he was younger.   Semua kejadian tersebut berlangsung dalam suatu periode tertentu di masa lampau. Berarti hal-hal tersebut sudah tidak terjadi lagi saat ini.
3	Untuk menunjukkan suatu kebiasaan atau aksi yang dilakukan berulang kali pada masa lampau	·   Ali swam a lot while he was on holiday. ·   When I lived in Seoul, I always walked a mile to my school every day. ·  Her boyfriend went to visit her every summer break until they broke up.   Semua kejadian tersebut merupakan kebiasaan yang sering dilakukan pada masa lampau. Ini berarti kebiasaan tersebut sudah tidak dilakukan lagi saat ini. Jadi, menggunakan simple past tense.
4	Untuk mengungkapkan persepsi diri dan emosi  yang dirasakan pada masa lampau	·   Ria always knew that she wanted to be a lawyer. ·   I was so happy during my study in New York. ·  My father was so proud of me when I won the spelling bee competition.   Persepsi diri dan emosi yang dirasakan oleh subjek terjadi pada masa lampau. Ini berarti perasaan atau persepsi tersebut sudah tidak ada lagi saat ini.
5	Untuk menjelaskan kepunyaan atau kepemilikan pada masa lampau	·   He did not have a car when he was in college. ·   My family did not own a house. ·   The books belonged to my brother. Kalimat-kalimat simple past tense tersebut menyatakan bahwa kepemilikan atau ketidakpunyaan terkait terjadi di masa lampau.

 

Contoh penggunaan dalam menceritakan kejadian masa lampau

 "Roro Jonggrang"

Long time ago, there was a kingdom named Prambanan. All the people of Prambanan lived peacefully. But then, Prambanan kingdom was attacked and occupied by the Pengging kingdom. Prambanan was ruled by Bandung Bondowoso of Pengging kingdom. He was a mean king. He also had great supernatural power. His soldiers were not only humans, but also genies.

The king of Prambanan had a beautiful daughter named Roro Jonggrang. Bandung Bondowoso fell in love with her and wanted to marry her. “You’re very beautiful. Would you be my queen?” asked Bandung Bondowoso. Roro Jonggrang was shocked. She didn’t like Bandung Bondowoso because he was a mean person. She wanted to refuse, but she was afraid that Bandung Bondowoso would be angry and endangered the people of Prambanan. Then, she came up with a plan. “If you want to marry me, you have to build a thousand temples for me in just one night,” said Roro Jonggrang. “What? That’s impossible!” said Bandung Bondowoso. But he did not give up. He consulted with his advisor. “Your Majesty can asked the genies to help in building the temples,” said the advisor.

So, Bandung Bondowoso summoned his entire genies soldier and commanded them to help him in building a thousand temples. The genies worked in unbelievable speed. Meanwhile, Roro Jonggrang heard from her servant that the building of a thousand temples was almost finished. She was so worried. But again, she came up with a great idea. She asked all of her servants to help her. “Please prepare a lot of straw and mortar. Please hurry up!” said Roro Jonggrang. “Burn the straw and make some noise pounding the mortar, quickly.” All those servants did what Roro Jonggrang ordered them; burning straw and pounding the mortar, making the genies think that the sun is going to rise.

“It’s already dawn. We have to go,” said the leader of the genies to Bandung Bondowoso. All the genies immediately stopped their work and ran for cover from the sun, which they afraid of. They didn’t know that the light was from the fire that burning the straw, not from the sun.

Bandung Bondowoso can’t stop the genies from leaving. He was angry. He knew Roro Jonggrang had just tricked him. “You cannot fool me, Roro Jonggrang. I already have 999 temples. I just need one more temple. Now, I will make you the one-thousandth temple.” He pointed his finger to Roro Jonggrang and said some mantras. Magically, Roro Jonggrang’s body turned into stone. Until now, the temple is still standing in Prambanan area, Central Java. And the temple is called Roro Jonggrang temple.